It is written in the third chapter of the second section of the book Ghada-ul-mulahazat, which was written by a priest: "This chapter covers the explanation of the curious fact that Muhammad's religion appeared amongst the heathens of Arabia instead of rising in the horizon of Christianity as Christianity had spread among the Israelites. All the worlds are the property of Allahu ta'ala, and we do not doubt that He can dispense of His property as He wills. All His divine deeds come about through some causes full of divine wisdom. As a requirement of His divine wisdom, He first sent down the canon of Musa 'alaihis-salam' as a preparation for the spiritual and complementary religion of hadrat Meseeh (the Messiah). It takes a little reflection to realize how compatible it is with divine wisdom that Musa 'alaihis-salam' appeared at the expected place and time and established his church, i.e. his community, on fundamentals capable of this (preparatory role). By the same token, if abrogation of Christianity had been the will of Allahu ta'ala, the tree of perfection to be planted in its place should have emerged from the root of Christianity, that is, at a place geared to yield a new religion, which is the involuntary conclusion both from the syllogistic point of view and as a requirement of the natural course of events. But the person who established Islam was not born in a Christian country, nor did he arise from the Israelites. On the contrary, as is shown clearly in historical documents, he emerged from among the nescient Arabs, who had filled Kaba al-muazzama with nearly three hundred idols. It is a fact, especially known by people cognizant of the Arabic history, that when Hadrat Muhammad 'alaihis-salatu was-salam' declared his prophethood and began to publicize his religion the Meccans were not disposed to accept the so-called religion. They opposed his prophethood, objected to his teachings, and continuously insulted him, so much so that had it not been for the powerful support of Abu Talib and his dynasty and his personal talents, which were reinforced by the consequent tribal rivalry and zeal which he adroitly exploited to attain his goal, the so-called religion would have been impaired by the aggression of its adversaries, thus perishing in its budding period yet. The using of so many material agencies and worldly means at liberty for the promotion of the new so-called religion, i.e. Islam, is a vigorous proof of the fact that Islamic religion is not so spiritual as the Christian religion and that Arabia was not ready for its emerging yet. If Islam had been a spiritual religion and Arabia had been ready to receive it, it would have spread quietly and peacefully without recourse to worldly media, like the spreading of Christianity.

Since it would have been possible to send the most perfect and the highest religion at once for the spiritual guidance of the pagans and the ignorant, why didn't Allahu ta'ala the most compassionate of the merciful send Islam instead of Christianity six hundred years or instead of Judaism two thousand years before that; why didn't He send Islam before them? What was the reason for such a long postponement? Muslims can infer from this proof of ours whether their religion is a true one sent by Allahu ta'ala."

In summary, this writing of Gadha-ul-mulahazat contains three claims:

First: The reason for the virtue and superiority of Christianity, the religion of Isa 'alaihis-salam', is that it emerged among the Israelites, who had religious education before and were ready to embrace it, versus Islam, the religion of Muhammad 'sallallahu ta'ala alaihi wasallam', which emerged among pagans who had not had any religious education and were not ready to receive it.

Second: While Christianity spread mildly in peace, Islam's spreading was through violence, force and worldly means.

Third: It is possible for Allahu ta'ala to send a Prophet and He is the most merciful of the merciful; so it would have been incompatible with His justice not to send a religion superior to the others, i.e. Islam, before the others.

THEIR FIRST CLAIM: "Isa's 'alaihis-salam emerging from a tribe with previous religious education, and Muhammad's 'alaihis-salam' emerging in a tribe without previous religious education."

ANSWER: These assertions of theirs are answerable in various ways.

The sons of Israel were fit to receive the heavenly rules taught by Isa 'alaihis-salam', and they had the experience of obeying canonical rules before. And yet eighty-two people believed and followed Isa 'alaihis- salam' throughout his life. On the other hand, Muhammad 'alaihis-salam' called the heathen Arabs, who had not had any canonical or religious education and therefore were not inclined to accept any religion, to a new religion, i.e. Islam, which was entirely contrary to the religion of their fathers and grandfathers and ran counter to their sensuous desires and flavors. From the time when Rasulullah 'sall-allahu ta'ala alaihi wasallam' declared his prophethood to his death, more than a hundred and twenty-four thousand sahabas accepted his invitation and became Muslims willingly. We refer it to the wisdom of our readers to decide whether superiority belongs to Christianity or Islam. It is true that Abu Talib did his best to protect and guard our Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam'. But this protection and assistance of his did not contribute considerably or as much as it is believed to have done to the spreading and promotion of Islam. This protection of his was not because he believed in our Prophet's 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' religion. It was because he was his relation and lest he would be killed or tormented. For Abu Talib was one of the unbelievers. At that time some of the Ashab al-kiram 'alaihimur-ridwan' could not endure the polytheists' persecution and migrated to Abyssinia. Our Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' and the Ashab al-kiram remained confined in Mecca for three years, being prohibited from all sorts of correspondence. Allahu ta'ala commanded our Prophet twice to call his kith and kin together and to invite them to Islam. The two hundred and fourteenth ayat (verse) of the Shu'ara sura (chapter) purports: "Warn your close relations of the torment of Allahu ta'ala." To carry out the command of this ayat al-karima, Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' invited His relations to becoming Muslims. [When Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' convened His relations he stated: "Believe and obey Allahu ta'ala and save yourselves from His torment. Or else your being my relations will do you no good."] None of them believed. In fact, his paternal uncle Abu Lahab and his wife the wood-carrier went so far in their harassing and tormenting Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' that they and some notables of the Quraish went to Abu Talib to complain about Him; they requested him to give up protecting Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam'. Upon this Abu Talib called Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' and advised him to give up the business of inviting people to the Islamic religion. It is an established fact testified with this proof and hundreds of other similar proofs that Abu Talib's protection, [contrary to the assertion of the protestant priests], did not cause Islam's acceptance by the Quraish tribe.

Muhammad 'alaihis-salam' arose in a tribe not liable to believe him and was sent as a Prophet to them, whereas Isa 'alaihis-salam' had emerged among the Israelites, who had been expecting a Prophet. Like the other Prophets 'alaihimus-salam', Isa 'alaihis-salam' suffered many troubles and afflictions caused by the Jews. But the enemies of Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' perished when that Serwer (Rasulullah) was alive yet, and the blessed Prophet left this transient world and honored the eternal hereafter with his presence as he was in his bed in Aisha's 'radi-allahu ta'ala anha' home in Medina-i-munawwara.

It is written in the four Gospels existing today that when Isa 'alaihis-salam' was caught, members of a tribe who had religious education and were ready to receive the new religion, i.e. Peter and the other apostles, were so thoroughly preoccupied in their own troubles that they immediately decamped, leaving Isa 'alaihis-salam', and that the same night Peter, who was the closest Apostle of Isa 'alaihis-salam', swore and denied to know Isa 'alaihis-salam' with curses before a rooster crowed.

Abu Bakr as-Siddiq 'radi-allahu anh' was one of the Ashab al-kiram 'alaihimur-ridwan' who were living in pagan tribes not ready to accept a religion [and without any previous religious education] but accepted Islam and were honored with the blessed sohbat of Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam'. During the hijra he accompanied Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' in the cave. [Lest Rasulullah should get hurt, he tore his waistcoat and plugged the snake nests with the pieces. There was no piece left for the last hole, so he closed it with his foot. The snake bit his foot. He neither pulled his foot back nor made the slightest murmur. When a tear coming out of his eyes dropped on Rasulullah's blessed face, Rasulullah woke up, and put this blessed spittle on Abu Bakr's 'radi-allahu anh' foot. The wound healed as a mujiza]. He dispensed all his property for Islam. Later, he fought against the apostate Arabs and brought them to Islam.

Omar 'radi-allahu anh', the first day he became a Muslim, placed himself in front of the Ashab al-kiram and fearlessly announced his becoming a Muslim despite the persecutions and oppression of the Meccan polytheists. There were great conquests throughout the period of his caliphate. Islam spread far and wide. And in justice no other commander, no other evenhanded person equalled him. These facts are written in history books.

And Ali 'radi-allahu anh' sacrificed himself for our Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' by lying in His bed on the night of His hijra. In a number of combats he acted up to his given nickname, (the Lion of Allah).

As for Uthman-i-Zin-nureyn "radi-allahu anh"; he was one of the richest Meccans. All the property he had he spent for the reinforcement of Islam. [We shall mention only the amount he gave in the Ghazza (Holy War) of Tabuk here: Our Prophet "sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' encouraged the Ashab al-kiram to donate for the Holy War of Tabuk in the mosque. Uthman 'radi-allahu anh' stood up and said: "O Rasulullah! I undertake to donate a hundred camels together with their back-cloths and pack-saddles." Rasulullah went on with his encouragement. Uthman 'radi-allahu anh' stood up again and said: "O Rasulullah! I undertake to give another hundred camels together with their back-cloths and pack-saddles." Rasulullah said as he alighted from the mimbar (pulpit in a mosque): "Uthman shall not be called to account for what he will do from now on." As He went on admonishing the Ashab al-kiram, Uthman "radi-allahu anh' said: "O Rasulullah! I undertake to give another hundred camels together with their back-cloths and pack-saddles for the sake of Allah". Our Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' declared: "There is the Paradise for the person who has equipped the army of Tabuk!" Upon this Uthman 'radi-allahu anh' brought a thousand golds and poured them on Rasulullah's 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' lap. Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' invoked: "O my Allah! I am pleased with Uthman. May you be pleased with him too!" Uthman 'radi-allahu anh" equipped half of the army of Tabuk (Sunan-i-Darakutni: 4-198) [10]. Uthman-i-Zin-nureyn "radi-allahu anh' donated nine hundred and fifty camels and fifty horses together with their harnesses to this army, provided their cavalry accoutrements, and in addition sent them thousand dinars or seven rukyas of golds. All the other Ashab al-kiram Guzin "radi-allahu anhum ajmain' never hesitated to sacrifice their lives and property upon each commandment of our Master Rasulullah. Islam's superiority over Christianity, and the difference between the believers of these two religions and between the people who saw these two Prophets, is as visible as the sun.

As for our Prophet's 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' arising from amongst the Arabs, who were the descendants of Ismail (Eshmael) 'alaihis-salam', instead of emerging among the Israelites; there is many a use, virtue and superiority in this fact.

First: Allahu ta'ala sent an angel to hadrat Hajar (Hagar) and gave her the good news: "O Hajar, I have brought you the good news from Allahu ta'ala that your son Ismail shall own a great ummat and your offspring shall be superior to that of Sara (Sarah)." It was this promise of Allahu ta'ala that manifested itself on Muhammad Mustafa 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam', who was a descendant of Ismail 'alaihis-salam'. Allahu ta'ala, while nominating many of the descendants of hadrat Sara as Prophets, sent only Muhammad 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' out of the offspring of Ismail 'alaihis-salam', thus fulfilling His promise. Doesn't this signify the virtue and superiority of our Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam'? The priest who is the author of Mizan-ul-haqq distorts this good news by interpreting it that "the gist of this (promise) was giving Hagar the good news concerning the [heathen] Arab bey". If a zealous and pious Christian is told: "Your offspring will be rich beys. But they will be magians and idolaters", will he be pleased with this news, will be happy? [Off course not. He will be sorry]. Likewise, it would mean that Allahu ta'ala gave hadrat Hajar the news that she would have polytheistic descendants instead of consoling her (May Allahu ta'ala protect un from such belief).

Furthermore, the passage about the good news does not contain the phrase (Arab begs). But il expresses that the descendants of Ismail 'alaihis-salam' shall be a great ummat and they shall be dominant over the Israelites. It is quite obvious that before the rising of Islam there was no event on the part of the Arabs significant enough to overpower the Israelites and that the real crunch came with Islam.

Second: The Israelite Prophets had been learning and teaching the rules in the Torah (Pentateuch) and Zabur (Psalms of hadrat Dawud) until the advent of Isa 'alaihis-salam'. If Muhammad 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' had been of the Israelite descent, there is no doubt he would have been slandered to have learned the Qur'an al-karim and all the heavenly teachings from the Israelite 'ulama. Our master Rasulullah, who is the highest of Prophets, always lived in his tribe, never went away even for a short while, never learned even a letter from anyone, never held a pen in his blessed hand, and there were no Jews or Christians in the blessed city of Mecca. Despite this fact, in Mizan-ul-haqq and other books of theirs, priests profess that our Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' learned from a monk named Bahira or from some notable Christians when he honored Damascus with his blessed presence for trade. In actual fact, our Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' was twelve years old when he went to Damascus with his paternal uncle Abu Talib. All books of Siyar (biographies of our Prophet) report this fact unanimously. And his conversation with the monk Bahira took only a few hours, Bahira, after looking at our Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' carefully, realized that He was the would be Prophet of the latest time. Then he said to Abu Talib: "If the notables of Christians and Jews sense that this child is the Messenger of Allah, they may attempt to kill him." Upon this warning of the monk's, Abu Talib took his advice, sold his merchandise in Busra and in its neighborhood, and returned to Mecca al-mukarrama. As for the monk who is said to have taught to our Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam'; wouldn't he just as soon announce his own prophethood instead of teaching so much knowledge to our Prophet? Moreover, from what rich source had the so-called teacher Bahira acquired all this endless lot of knowledge which emerged in our Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam'? For the knowledge that Allahu ta'ala communicated to Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' did not only cover the Bible and the Torah but also contained numerous pieces of information that did not exist in them. Consisting of more than six thousand ayats (verses), the Qur'an al-karim covers many rules and marifat (spiritual information). Moreover, the pieces of information and marifat uttered through Rasulullah's blessed language; i.e. seven hundred thousand hadith-i- Sharifs concerning sunnat, wajib, mustahab, mendub, nahy, makruh, and other narratives are recorded, narrated and published by the 'ulama of hadith. Imam-i-Nasai [11] 'rahmat-ullahi alaih' confirms this: "I had complied seven hundred and fifty thousand hadith ash-Sharifs. But fifty thousand of them were from unsound sources, so I left them out, and recorded seven hundred thousand of them." As for the existing copies of the Pentateuch and the Bible, which are the word of Allah according to Jews and Christians; if you leave aside the episodes and bring together all the verses concerning the commandments, prohibitions and other religious precepts, the number will not reach seven hundred all in all. We shall explain this fact in detail in the chapter about Qur'an al-karim and Today's Gospels. We wonder what kind of knowledge Muhammad 'alaihis-salam' learned from which of the Christian monks? Is it possible to make an ocean from a small pool? This signifies the following fact; this slander is brought against Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' despite the fact that there were no monks in his tribe; the kinds of slanders that would have been brought against him had he been sent among the Israelites are beyond imagination. It is for this reason that Allahu ta'ala, who is wajib-ul-wujud, protected His most beloved one by not sending him among the Sons of Israel.

Third: A retrospection into the history of today's existing peoples and a meticulous observation of their traditions, customs and deeds will show that the Arabs, even when they were nomadic Bedouins, had superior and high qualities and habits such as patriotism, nationalism, hospitality, charity, bravery, heroism, cleanliness, nobility of pedigree; generosity, goodness, modesty, and love of freedom. Is there another race to equal the Arabs in these qualities and in such merits as intelligence, eloquence and rhetoric. It is written throughout the Torah what a bad character the Israelites have. It is a plain fact that they are the worst race. Which of these cases would be better for our master the Fakhr-i-kainat 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam', the most virtuous, the highest of races, or from the Israelites [Jews]? The Israelites attained the blessings of Allahu ta'ala and were superior to other nations as long as they obeyed their Prophets and acted upon the canonical laws of Musa 'alaihis-salam'. But later, when they betrayed their Prophets 'alaihimus-salam' and killed most of them, they were degraded and became the most ignobla, the basest people. This fact is known by Christians, too. On account of Isa's 'alaihis-salam' malediction, they shall lead a detestable, abhorrent and base way of life and are doomed to an everlasting life of disgrace. Now, what an astonishingly, contradictory objection it would be to say,"If Muhammad 'alaihis-salam' where the highest of Prophets, he would have descended from these Israelites who shall never be rescued from this state of ignominy and contemptibility." The second ayat (verse) of Hashr sura purports:"O you owners of reason! Learn what you do not know by inference from what you have been taught."

Fourth: Isa 'alaihis-salam' was sent as the Prophet among the Israelites thorough various miracles, and some of his blessed statements comprised the figurative elements of his time's current language; so the priests that came some time later, being unable to interpret his symbolic expressions, established a system of creed called Trinity, that is, believing in three gods, which could never be accepted by anyone with common sense and which had existed in the ancient Indian cults and in Plato's philosophy. On the other hand, those kinds of our master Rasulullah's 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' teachings that are called mutashabihat (symbolic, parabolical, ambiguous teachings), which include ayat al-karimas, hadith ash-Sharifs and other, teachings, are explained at length in books of tafsir and hadith, which report also that such teachings contain countless other ultimate and subtle divine denotations, connotations, nuances, and inner, essential meanings. [Mutashabihat are those ayat al-karimas and hadith ash-Sharifs with occult, hidden meanings whose facade meanings do not agree with the established meanings of the popular types of narratives and which therefore need to be interpreted]. Their number is very much larger than those in the teachings of Isa 'alaihis-salam'. If our Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' had been chosen and sent from among the Israelites, they would have altogether denied the divinity of Allahu ta'ala, saying, "There is no God but hadrat Muhammad." Who on earth will doubt this?

THEIR SECOND CLAIM: The second assertion put forward in Ghada-ul-mulahazat is that "While Christianity spread gently through kindness, Islam spread by violence, force, and by giving worldly advantages."

ANSWER: This assertion of theirs is, like the others, false, groundless, as follows:

First: It is a fact declared in the Bible and confirmed by Isa 'alaihis-salam' that Christianity was not a religion other than Judaism, but it was a complementary of Judaism. The only difference was that it (Christianity) did not command jihad-i-i-fi-sabi-l-illah (Holy War only for the sake of Allah). Absence of jihad in Christianity is a proof of its deficiency, rather than proving its superiority. To assert that a religion that spreads through physical means [violence, force, power] is not a true religion would mean to confess that

Christianity, before any other religion, is a false one.

Second: If a religion's spreading by physical media is to be asserted as a proof for its falsity,it will be necessary to take a look at the methods resorted to for the spreading of Christianity. Take the following examples: as Isa 'alaihis-salam' invited the people to his religion, the hid himself for fear of a probable assassination on the part of his adversaries; he advised that his miracle be kept in secret; he ordered his Apostles not to tell anyone that he was the Messiah; he advised this disciples that anyone without a sword should buy himself a sword even if it would cost him his clothes; he ordered them to pay tax as a sign of homage to the pagan Romans; many wars broke out and millions of people were killed because of the controversies among the Christian sects after Isa 'alaihis-salam'; popes caused a number of revolutions and conflicts in Europe; millions of innocent people were massacred by Christians in the events of Templier and Saint Bartholomew and during the tribunals of inquisition; in the continent of America and in the other lately discovered islands, the turbulences instigated by missionaries caused millions of people to be put to the sword; when you read about these events and many other similar events in history books, low can you claim that Christianity spread gently through kindness without resorting to physical means, that is, to force, violence, power, or worldly advantages? The cruelties, massacres and savageries exercised during the crusading expeditions, which continued in eight waves for 174 years, from 489 [A.D. 1096] to 669 [A.D. 1270], could not be tallied. The crusaders burned and demolished all the places they went by, including Istanbul, which was the capital city of the Byzantine Greek Empire, their co-religionists. Michaud, a Christian who wrote a book of five volumes about the crusading expeditions, says: "In 492 [H. 1099] the crusaders managed to enter Jerusalem. When they entered the city they jugulated seventy thousand (70.000) Muslims and Jews. They cruelly killed even the Muslim women and children who had sheltered in mosques. blood flowed through the streets. Roads were blocked by the corpses. The crusaders were so savagely ferocious that they jugulated the Jews they came across on the banks of the Rhine in Germany." These facts are written by Christian historians, who are their own men. When Christians routed the Andalusian Omeyyeds [12] in 898 [A.D. 1492] and entered Qurtuba, they attacked the Qurtuba mosque first. They entered this beautiful, magnificent mosque on horseback. They pitilessly jugulated the Muslims who had taken refuge in the mosque. So much so that blood poured out through the doors of the mosque. They massacred the Jews in the same manner. The barbarous Spaniards christianized all the Muslims and Jews at the point of the sword. Those who managed to escape took sanctuary in the Ottoman country. The Jews living in Turkey today are their grandchildren. After annihilating all the Muslims and Jews in Spain, Ferdinand the Spanish king bragged of his victory and said, "There are neither any Muslims nor any unbelievers left in Spain." Here is the Christianity that is said to have spread through tenderness and kindness and here are the cruelties of Christians who claim to be tender and affable!

The cruelties inflicted by the Christian sects upon one another are no less in severity. But the most notorious cruelties are the persecutions exercised by Christians over Jewry, who are praised by the priestly author of the book Ghada-ul-mulahazat on account of their familiarity with the canonical laws.

It is written as follows in the twenty-seventh page of the book Kashf-ul-asar wa fi qisas-i-anbiya-i bani Israeel, which was written by priest Dr. Alex Keith, translated into Persian by priest Merik, and published in 1261 [A.D. 1846] in Evenbourgh: "Three hundred years before the Hegira, Constantine the Great ordered that the ears of all the jews be cut off and persecuted them by deportations and banishments."

It is written in the twenty-eighth page: "In Spain the Jews were oppressed to choose one of the following three alternatives:

a) Accepting Christianity;

b) Imprisonment for those who refused Christianity;

c) Deportation if none of these two choices are taken. Similar methods were used in France. Thus Jews traveled from one country to another. At that time there was no home for them, neither in Europe nor in Asia."

And in the twenty-ninth page: "Because Catholics reckoned Jews as unbelievers, they persecuted them. The most notable priests came together and took some decisions:

1 - If a Christian defends a Jew, he has made an error. He is to be excommunicated. That is, he must be excluded from Christianity.

2 - Jews are not to be assigned any official duties in any Christian states.

3 - No one can eat or cooperate with Jews.

4 - Children born among the Jews shall be raised by the Christians. The oppressiveness of this article is obvious. In the thirty-second page: "When the Portuguese caught Jews, they threw them into fire and burned them. When they did so, their men and women came together and celebrated the events. Their women danced, sprang and jumped with happiness."

It is written as follows in the book Siyar-ul- muteqaddimin, which was written by priests: "In the Christian year 379, Gratinaus the Roman emperor, after consulting with his commanders, ordered the Christianization of all the Jews in his country. Accordingly, those who refused Christianity were to be killed." These writings belong to eminent Christian priests.

The torments inflicted upon Protestants by Catholics and vice versa are no less cruel than the ones related above. It is written as follows in the fifteenth and sixteenth pages of the thirteenth fascicle of an Arabic book which was published in thirteen fascicles in Beirut in 1265 [A.D. 1849]] "The Roman church inflicted numerous persecutions, torments and massacres upon Protestants. The witnesses to prove this fact are in the European countries. In Europe, more than 230,000 people were burnt alive because they did not believe in the pope though they believed Jesus and made the Holy Bible their guide in belief and worship. Likewise, thousands of them were either put to the sword or annihilated in prisons or through various tortures such as disjointing their bones or extracting their teeth or nails with pincers. Only on the day of Marirsu Lemavus thirty thousand people were killed in France.

The massacre of Saint Bartholomew and many other massacres that would take a long time to relate are the witnesses of the cruelties Catholics inflicted upon Protestants. Sixty-five thousand Protestants were killed in the massacre of St. Bartholomew. Catholic priests publicize this event as something to take pride in. Henry IV, who came to the throne of France in 1011 [A.D. 1593], stopped the massacre of Protestants. The bigoted Catholics who did not like this had Henry IV killed. In 1087 [A.D. 1675] the persecutions and massacres were resumed. Fifty thousand families fled from their country to escape death.

The Protestants were no less cruel to the Catholics than the Catholics were to them. It is written as follows in the forty-first and forty-second pages of a book which was translated into Urdu from English by a British Catholic priest named Thomas and was published with the title Mirat-us-sidq in 1267 [A.D. 1851], and which was widely sold in India: "The Protestants first usurped 645 monasteries, 90 schools, 2376 churches and 110 hospitals from their Catholic owners and sold them very cheaply, dividing the money among themselves. They evicted thousands of the poor residents into the streets, leaving them destitute." In is written in its forty-fifth page: "The Protestants' grudge and hostility reached the dead lying in their graves with equal savagery. Exhuming the corpses, they tormented them and robbed them of their shrouds." In the forty-eighth and forty-ninth pages: "Also the libraries disappeared among the other property usurped from the Catholics. Cyl Birl's doleful account of these libraries is as follows: The Protestants plundered the books they found in the libraries. They burned the books to cook on them, cleaned their candlesticks and shoes with them. They sold some of the books to herbalists and soap makers. They gave most of them to bookbinders overseas. They were not only fifty or a hundred books. They amounted to countless shiploads. They were annihilated in such a manner as to consternate the foreign nations. I saw a merchant buy two libraries, each for twenty rupees. After these cruelties, they robbed the treasuries of churches, leaving them in bare walls only. They thought they were doing something good." In the fifty-second and later pages: "Now we shall relate the cruelties that the Protestants have done so far: In order to torture the Catholics, the Protestans passed hundreds of laws far from justice, mercy and ethics. The following are some of them:

1 - A Catholic cannot inherit his/her parents' property.

2 - No Catholics past the age of eighteen can buy property, unless he accepts the Protestant sect.

3 - No Catholic can set up in business for him or herself.

4 - No Catholic can be a tutor (in any branch of knowledge). He who opposes this shall be sentenced to imprisonment for life.

5 - The Catholics shall pay double the taxes.

6 - Any Catholic priest who conducts a (religious) rite shall pay a fine of 330 sterling. If a lay Catholics does this he shall be fined 700 sterling plus one year's imprisonment.

7 - If a Catholic sends his son abroad for education, he and his son shall be killed. His property and livestock shall be confiscated.

8 - No Catholic can be employed in the Civil Service.

9 - If any Catholics does not attend Sunday masses or other religious celebrations in a Protestant church he shall be fined 200 sterling monthly and shall be dismissed from the society.

10 - If a Catholics goes five miles away from London he shall be fined 100 sterling."

It is written in pages sixty-one through sixty-six: "With the command of Queen Elizabeth most of the Catholic monks and other clergymen were taken out on ships and thrown into the sea. Then the soldiers of Elizabeth came to Ireland to protestanize the Catholics. The soldiers demolished the Catholic churches. Wherever they came across a Catholic priest they killed him immediately. They burned towns. They destroyed crops and animals. But they treated non-Catholics well. Then, in 1052 [A.D. 1643-44], the parliment sent forth men to a number of cities to expropriate all the property and land belonging to the Catholics. These cruelties inflicted upon the Catholics went on till the time of king James I. In his time these cruelties became less severe. But the Protestants were angry with him. In 1194 [1780] forty-four thousand Protestants petitioned to the king for the maintenance of the laws concerning the Catholics so that they could go on tormenting them through the parlimentary power as before. But the king turned down their proposal. Upon this some hundred thousand Protestants came together in London and burned the Catholic churches. They devastated the districts where the Catholics lived. They started conflagrations at thirty-six different places. This vandalism lasted for six days. Then the king passed another law in 1791], giving the Catholics the lights they have been enjoying ever since."

It is written as follows in the seventy-third and seventy-fourth pages: "You probably have not heard about the event of Cortiraskuln in Ireland. The stories telling about his doings in Ireland are true. Every year the Protestants collected two hundred and fifty rupees and the rentals of various places and with this money bought the children of poor Catholics. They sent these children away to live with Protestants in other places so that they would not recognize their parents (on returning to their home town). When they grew up, they were sent back home and did not recognize their parents, brothers and sisters, as a result of which they sometimes married their brothers, sisters, and even parents."

[The most inhuman, the most ferocious of the cruelties inflicted upon Muslims by Christians were done by the English in India.

Allama Fadl-i-Haq Khayr-abadi, one of the greatest Islamic 'ulama in India, says in his book As-sawrat-ul- Hindiyya (The Indian Revolution), which is explained by Mawlana Ghulam Mihr Ali in the 1384 [A.D. 1964] Indian edition of its commentary Al-yawaqit-ul-mihriyya:

In 1008 [A.D. 1600] the English first received the permission of Akbar Shah to open business places in the Calcutta city of India. In the time of Shah-i-Alam they bought land in Calcutta. They brought military forces to protect their land. Upon curing Sultan Ferruh Seer Shah in 1126 [A.D. 1714], they were given this right all over India. In the time of Shah-i-Alam-i-Thani they invaded Delhi, took control of the administration, and began to exercise cruelty. In 1274 [A.D. 1858] the wahhabis in India said that Bahadir Shah II, who was a Sunni, a Hanafi, and a Sufi in fact, was a bidat holder and a disbeliever. With their help, which was reinforced by the support of Hindu unbelievers and the treacherous vizier Ahsanullah Khan, the English army entered Delhi. They raided homes and shops and plundered goods and money. Even women and children were put to the sword. The people could not find water to drink. They very old Bahadir Shah, II who had taken refuge in the tomb of Humayun Shah, was taken towards the fortress together with his household with their hands and feet fastened. On the way the Patriarch Hudson had the three sons of the Shah undressed, leaving them in underwear, and then martyred them by shooting them in their chests. He drank their blood. He had their bodies hanged at the entrance of the fortress. The following day he took their heads to the English commander Henry Bernard. Then, boiling the heads in water, he made a soup and sent it to the Shah and his wife. Being extremely hungry, they (the Shah and spouse) immediately put the meat into their mouths. But they could not chew it, nor could they swallow it. They took it out and left it on the soil, though they did not know what sort of meat it was. The traitor named Hudson said, "Why don't you eat it? It is very delicious soup. I had it made from the flesh of your sons". Then they banished the Shah, his wife and close relations to the city of Rangon and put them in dungeons. The Sultan passed away in the dungeon in 1279. They martyred three thousand Muslims by shooting and twenty-seven thousand by slaughtering in Delhi. Only those who fled at night managed to survive. The Christians massacred countless Muslims in other towns and villages, too. They ruined historical works of art. Peerless, invaluable pieces of ornamental goods and jewelry were loaded on ships and sent to London. Allama Fadl-i-Haq was martyred in his dungeon on the island of Endoman by the English in 1278 [A.D. 1861].

In 1400 [A.D. 1979] Russians invaded Afghanistan and began to destroy the Islamic works of art and martyr the Muslims. They first shot to martyrdom the great alim and wali Ibrahim Mujaddidi together with his hundred and twenty-one disciples, his wife and daughters. This savage and ignoble attack was caused by the English, too. For in 1945 the German commander Hitler, who had routed the Russian armies and was about to enter Moscow, cried to England and America through the radio: "I admit the defeat. I shall surrender to you. Let me go on with my war against Russia, rout the Russian army and remove the nuisance of communism from the earth." Churchill, the prime minister of England, refused this proposition. They went on helping the Russians and did not enter Berlin before the arrival of the Russians. They caused Russians to be a pestilence over the world.

AbdurRashid Ibrahim Effendi states as follows at one place of the chapter called "Hostility of the British against Islam" in the second volume of his Turkish book Alam-i-Islam (The Islamic World), which was published in Istanbul in 1328 [A.D. 1910]: "Extirpation of Khilafat-i- Islamiyya (the Islamic Caliphate) is the primary British goal. Their causing the Crimean war and helping the Turks there was a stratagem to destroy the Caliphate. The Paris Treaty divulges this stratagem clearly. [They state their enmity overtly in the secret articles of the Lausanne Peace in 1923]. All the disasters the Turks have undergone so far, whatsoever the cover, have come from the British. The British policy is based on the annihilation of Islam. The reason for this policy is their being afraid of Islam. In order to deceive Muslims, they use saleable consciences, and introduce these people as Islamic scholars or heroes. In short, Islam's biggest enemy is the British."

For those who desire more detailed information about the treacheries and murders carried on by the English on various dates in various parts of the world, especially those which were done against Muslims and the Islamic religion; we recommend that they read the book Jinayat- ul-Ingiliz (The Murders of the English) by Es-Sayyid Muhammad Habib Ubaidee Beg, which was published in Beirut in 1334 [A.D. 1916].

Bryan William Jennings, an American lawyer and politician, was a renowned writer and lecturer, and at the same time was a U.S. Congressman between 1913-1915. He died in 1925. He gives detailed information about the English people's enmity against Islam and their barbarisms and cruelties in his book (The English Dominion in India).

The English sent their own men to their colonies whom they had been tyrannizing. These men started, so to speak, the movement of independence and in appearance broke their right of independence away from the English. They always used men of this sort for invading their colonies morally and inwardly while giving them their independence materially and outwardly. In other words, they imposed these men, whom they trained or bought for their own purposes, as leaders or saviors to such countries. And the inoffensive people of these countries, without even having time to consider the matter to sense the English lie, delivered their younger generations to the awful methods of propaganda. These countries had national anthems and flags. But morally and spiritually they were never independent. They had parliments, prime ministers, ministers. But they never had authorities.].

We have mentioned only a few of the cruelties of Christians here. These are only a few examples of the barbarisms and savageries of Christians, who are said to have had a religious background and who claim to believe in the advice or Isa 'alaihis-salam': "If someone slaps you on one cheek, offer him your other cheek." We do not presume that the priest who wrote the book Ghada-ul- mulahazat is too ignorant to know about these cruelties and savageries. Thinking Muslims unaware of these historical events, he pretends not to know of them in order to reinforce his assertion.

Third: If the spreading of a religion were possible only through physical media, that is, by violence, force and power, the whole world would have been christianized by now and there would be no Jews left after all these combats, barbarisms and massacres.

Fourth: The jihad-i-fisabil-illah commanded by Islam does not mean to compel (others) to become Muslim by the sword. Jihad means to announce and spread the kalima-i-tawhid all over the world and to reveal the superiority and the merits of the true religion of Allahu ta'ala to the other religions. This jihad is done by teaching and advising first. That is, it is stated that Islam is the true religion commanding all sorts of happiness, justice, freedom, and human rights. Those non-Muslims who admit this are given the right of citizenship and enjoy all sorts of freedom enjoyed by the Muslims. War is opened to those obstinate states and tyrannical dictators who turn down this invitation. If they lose the war, the former invitation is repeated once more. That is, they are invited to accept Islam. If they accept it they become free like the other Muslims. IF they refuse they are proposed to pay the income tax called jizya. Those who accept to pay the jizya are called zimmi. They can by no means be forced to change their religion. [The old, the invalid, the women and children, the poor, the clergy are not liable to the jizya]. They are completely free as to their religious duties, rites and ceremonies, and their property, lives, chastity and honor are, like the property, lives, chastity and honor of Muslims, protected by the state. Muslims and non-Muslims are held equal in all sorts of rights.

THEIR THIRD ASSERTION: The third assertion put forward by the priests is that "Though it would have been possible for Allahu ta'ala to send down a Prophet without any preparatory canonical education, Allahu ta'ala, who is the most compassionate of the merciful, (is said to have) sent such an exalted religion (as Islam) not before the religions of Jesus and Moses; this is paradoxical with His justice."

ANSWER: These words of the priests are answerable in various ways.

One of them is this: Allahu ta'ala has infinite power. For Him there is no difference between creating the seven layers of the earth and the heavens and creating an ant, [a cell, an atom]. Nothing is beyond the creative power of Allahu ta'ala, except having a partner, which is impossible. [May Allahu ta'ala protect us from such a belief!] If, as they assert, it were impossible to send a Prophet without any preparations, this would be another mujiza of Rasulullah's 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' in addition to his other mujizas (miracles). For the number of all the Israelites who believed Isa 'alaihis-salam' was eighty-two by the time of his ascension to heaven though they were ready to accept a new religion and had been expecting a Prophet who would be their savior. On the other hand, our Master Fakhr-i-kainat 'alaihi efdalut- tahiyyat', before his decease, had already guided to iman (belief in the true religion) more than a hundred and twenty-four thousand of the Arabs, who had no religious education whatsoever and therefore were not ready to receive a new religion; this means to make the impossible possible, and is therefore a mujiza. Also, their statement that it is incompatible with the mercy, compassion and justice of Allahu ta'ala not to send the better and superior one before" is contrary to all sorts of reason. For the Christian creed is as follows: "The reason why Jesus was killed after various insults and then burned for three days in Hell was because all people, including all Prophets, were smeared with the original sin committed by Adam 'alaihis-salam' and hadrat Hawwa in Paradise, and therefore Allahu ta'ala willed to forgive them by shedding the blood of His beloved son (may Allah protect us from such belief)." Now we ask them: since Isa 'alaihis-salam' is, according to Christian creed, the son of Allah, or perhaps the same as He (may Allah protect us from this belief), would it not have been better if he had been sent immediately after Adam 'alaihis-salam', so that the whole lot of these Prophets and so many innocent people would not have gone to Hell? It is a rule of protocol among rulers and presidents that the one with the highest rank position arrives last. It is a social custom that in big speeches the most important part is mentioned finally. The same rule applies in everything. For instance, skillful artists have their novices rough out the layouts of their works first and then finish their works by doing the final, important and delicate parts of their works themselves. This procedure is natural. Then, it is more suitable with the divine law of causation of Allahu ta'ala who is the absolutely wise creator to send the Sayyid-al-mursalin 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam', the most superior, the highest of Prophets, as the last Prophet, thus ringing His religion to perfection.

The book Ghada-ul-mulahazat, again, makes the following comment concerning the matter whether Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' had mujizas (miracles), in the fourth chapter of the second section: "Jesus and Moses displayed various miracles in order to prove to the people that they were Messengers sent down by Allah. Had it not been for such a touchstone as this to distinguish between the true and the false, many mendacious and immodest liars would have dared to profess being Prophets. And there would not be a gauge to test whether Allahu ta'ala had given His Word to a person, whether He had chosen him as His Prophet. Therefore, if you test Muhammad's 'alaihis-salam' claim for prophethood by rubbing it against this touchstone, you will see that it is not so firm or so proven at the claims of Moses and Jesus 'alaihimas-salam'!

"Even if we believe the testimonies of historians and the scholars of siyar and suppose that Muhammad 'alaihis-salam' displayed many miracles to prove his prophethood, we will not be convinced. For when we compare the wonderful, extraordinary events that they ascribe to their Prophet with the miracles of Jesus the Messiah and other Prophets, it is too difficult to believe that the so-called wonderful events are from Allah, on account of the discrepancies and similarities among them. Let us take the following examples: With the command of Muhammad 'alaihis-salam' a tree left its place and walked towards Him and a voice from its middle part said: Esh-hadu an la ilaha ill-allah wa esh-hadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa Rasuluhu, thus bearing witness to His prophethood; animals, mountains, stones and even a bunch of dates expressed the word of testimony we have given above; whatever clothes he put on, whether they were shorter or longer (than his size in appearance), suited him perfectly; now, is it possible not to doubt when we hear such events? For these events are imaginary. They are obviously contrary to the proofs and signs put forward by all the past Prophets." In short, at the end of all this long, roundabout writing of his, the priest means to say that our master the Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' did not have miracles although other Prophets had miracles.

ANSWER: It should be known well that one of the methods used by priests to mislead all Christians against Islam has been the slander that Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' did not show any miracles. (May Allahu ta'ala protect us against believing them!) These lies are answered convincingly and by definite proofs in the books Iz-har-ul-haq and Shams-ul-haqiqa. Various answers are given to each of their questions. These priests pretend not to have seen these books and not to have heard of these answers. To be more precise, because they do not have any proofs sound enough to rebut the answers and evidences put forward to them, they ignore them as if they were unaware of them and repeat their former objections and lies in their books Mizan-ul-haq, Miftah-ul-asrar, Ghada-ul-mulahazat, and other books full of lies and slanders which they published as against Muslims. These books of theirs bear their evil intentions of deceiving the ignorant and spoiling their belief by changing the names of those they wrote before. Yet we have considered it appropriate to write a few of the answers given to the missionaries in the books Iz-har-ul-haq and Shams-ul- haqiqa, which we have mentioned above:

All Prophets 'alaihimus-salam', as a witness for the authenticity of their prophethood they were appointed, put forward as miracles some extraordinary, preternatural, superhuman events that were at the same time valued and accepted by the people they were appointed to (as Messengers). It is written in books of Siyar that the number of miracles that occurred through Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' was more than three thousand. The existence of these miracles, which are stated in the Qur'an al-karim and hadith ash-Sharifs and which were narrated by those who saw and heard them, thus reaching us by passing through generations, is beyond the reach of any sort of doubt. We shall explain some of these miracles (mujizas) in two different categories:

THE FIRST CATEGORY: This category contains the miracles that occurred through Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' on past and future events.

Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' related episodes about the past Prophets. Without reading the books of the Old Testament and the New Testament or learning from anyone, he gave information about the past peoples that perished thousands of years ago and whose signs have already disappeared. As a matter of fact, it is written in the fourth paragraph of the first chapter of the fifth section of the book Iz-har-ul-haq: "Rasulullah

'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' related the episode of Nuh 'alaihis-salam'. This mujiza is mentioned in the Qur'an al-karim. The forty-ninth ayat of hud sura purports: "This narrative of Nuh's (Noah)'alaihis-salam' is one of the ghayb (unknown) pieces of information which we reveal (wahy) to you [through Jabrail]. Until now, neither you nor your tribe knew about it." But some differences between the Qur'an al-karim and the past (heavenly) books are explained in the second chapter of the fifth section of the book Iz-har-ul-haq. The Qur'an al-karim contains many unknown narratives about past tribes." The third paragraph of the first chapter of the fifth section of the same book quotes twenty-two of the narratives given in the Qur'an al-karim:

1 - The two hundred and fourteenth ayat of the Baqara sura purports: "O believers! Do you expect to enter Paradise right away? You have not undergone the despair experienced by the beloved ones of Allah before you. I sent vehement poverty, ailment, hunger and affliction upon them. They were so badly worried by the afflictions they were suffering that the Prophet and his believers were saying: When will help come from Allahu ta'ala? Be careful, be on the alert, for the help of Allahu ta'ala is soon to come." The help promised in this ayat-i karima includes Muslims in general; and the help promised soon came about. Islam spread first in Arabia and then all over the world.

2 - Before the Holy War of Badr Allahu ta'ala gave the good news of victory to the Ashab al-kiram, and declared in the forty-fifth ayat of Qamer sura:"They will soon be routed, run away and turn their backs (to the battlefield)" Just as it was declared, the Quraish tribe were routed and destroyed at Badr.

3 - As is purported in the first, second, third and fourth ayats of room sura, Allahu ta'ala declares:"The room were beaten [by the Iranians] at the closest place [to the Arabs, in the vicinity of Damascus]. Three to nine years after the defeat, they will beat their enemies [the Iranians] here. Beating or being beaten, [be it known that], is within the command of Allahu ta'ala in the beginning and at the end. The believers will be pleased at the victory of the room over the Iranians." The fact on which the mufassirs (interpreters of Qur'an al-karim) and the 'ulama of Siyar agree as to the interpretation of these ayats is as follows: It is predicted that the room will beat the Iranians after being beaten. And everything occurred just as it was predicted. In fact, when this ayat al-karima descended, Ubayy bin Halef, one of the outstanding disbelievers of Quraish, denied it. In the conversation he had with Abu Bakr 'radi-allahu anh', he affronted him and insisted on refusing that the other side will win. Upon this they made a contract to wait for three years and then for the losing party to give fifteen female camels to the party whose prediction came true. Abu Bakr as-Siddiq 'radi-allahu anh' came to Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' and submitted the matter. Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' stated that the word (bid') [13] in the ayat al-karima included the numbers from three to nine and ordered him to go to him (the bettor) and increase both the duration of time and the number of camels. Upon this, Abu Bakr 'radi-allahu anh' renewed the contract they had made, prolonging the duration to nine years and augmenting the number of camels to one hundred. In the seventh year of the Hegira, the news about the room's victory over Iran reached them at Hudaybiyya. But Ubayy bin Halef had been killed with a spear which Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' picked from the ground and threw at him. So Abu Bakr-i Siddiq "radi-allahu anh' took the mentioned hundred camels form his inheritors. [Obeying our Prophet's 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' command, he distributed the hundred camels to the poor].

As for the other mujizat-i-nabawiyya (the Prophet's miracles) on the information about the ghayb (unknown), which are reported in hadith ash-Sharifs; they are countless. We shall give a few examples of them:

In the beginning of the call to Islam some to the Ashab al-kiram migrated to Abyssinia because of the polytheists' persecutions. Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' and those of the Ashab al-kiram who remained in Mekke-i-mukarrama were deprived of all sorts of social activities such as buying and selling, visiting or talking to people other than Muslims for three years. The polytheists of Quraish had written a contract announcing these decisions of theirs and posted it on the Kaba-i-muazzama. Allahu ta'ala, the omnipotent, sent a wood-boring maggot called arza unto that notice. The maggot ate up all the written part except the phrase Bismikallahumma (=in the name of Allahu ta'ala). Allahu ta'ala let our Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' know of this event through Jibril-i-Amin (the Archangel Gabriel). And our Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' in his turn related it to his uncle Abu Talib. The following day Abu Talib went to the notables of polytheists and said, "Muhammad's God told him so. If what he said is true, cancel this prohibition and do not prevent them from going around and seeing other people like before. If he didn't tell the truth, I shall no longer protect him." The notables of Quraish accepted this. They all came together and made for the Kaba. They took the contract down from the Kaba, opened it up, and saw that, as Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' had said, all the written parts had been eaten up, with the exception of the phrase, Bismilkallahumma.

WARNING:

[Dost Muhammad Qandihari [14], a great Islamic scholar in India, states in his twenty-ninth letter: "The polytheists of Quraish used to write the phrase Bismilkallahumma at beginning of their letters. In the early years of Islam, our Master the Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' followed the Quraishi custom and had the phrase Bismilkallahumma written at the head of his letters. Later, upon the revelation of the ayat of Bismillah, he had the phrase Bismillah written as the starting phrase of his letters. Afterwards, when the ayat al-karima containing the word Rahman descended, he had the phrase Bismillah-er-rahman written. Finally, when the phase Bismillah-er-rahman-er-rahim descended with the sura of Naml, he began to have this phrase written. As matter of fact, the letter he sent to the Byzantine Greek emperor Heraclius with (his private messenger) Dihya-i-Kalabi began with Bismillah-er- rahman-er-rahim. It is sunnat to begin a letter with this phrase of Basmala even if it is written to a disbeliever. In the peace of Hudaybiyya, he ordered hadrat Ali to write Bismillah-er-rahman-er-rahim. Suhayl, the Quraishi representative, said, "We don't know what Bismillah-er-rahman-er-rahim is. Write Bismikallahumma." As it is seen, since Adam 'alaihis- salam', Allahu ta'ala has taught His name as (ALLAH) to all Prophets, and even disbelievers have used this name].

Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' stated, "The fortress of Hayber will be conquered with Ali bin Abi Talib." So did it happen. Also, he predicted the conquests of Iran and Byzantium by stating, "Muslims will share the treasures of Ajam (Iran) and room (Byzantium) and the Iranean girls will serve them."

Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' stated, "My umma will part into seventy-three groups. All of them will go to Hell. Only one of them will be saved." He also stated, " The Ajams will beat the Muslims once or twice, the Iranean state (Sassanians) will be annihilated." And he stated, "Many room (Byzantine Greek) generations will prevail. As each of them perish, those in the following era, that is, the next generation will take their place." All these events took place as Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' predicted.

The east and the west were rolled up and shown to him. He predicted that his umma would posses the places that were within his sight and that his religion would spread over those places. So Islam spread in the east and west, exactly as he had predicted. [In fact, there is no country where Islam has not been heard of in today's free world].

He stated, "As long as 'Umar 'radi-allahu anh' lives, fitna (instigation) will not arise among Muslims." So the Ummat-i-Muhammad (Muslims) lived in safety till the end of the caliphate of 'Umar 'radi-allahu anh', as he had predicted. Later instigation began to break out.

Again, Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' predicted that Isa 'alaihis-salam' will descend form the heaven, that Mahdi 'alaihir-rahma' will appear, and that Dajjal also will appear.

He predicted that 'Uthman-i-Zin-nurayn 'radi-allahu anh' would be martyred when reading Qur'an al-karim, and that Ali 'radi-allahu anh' would be wounded with the stroke of Ibn Muljam's sword and would be martyred. As a matter of fact, whenever Ali 'radi-allahu anh' saw Ibn Muljam, he would show his head and say, "When are you going to make this bleed all over?" Ibn Muljam would commit himself to the protection of Allahu ta'ala from this, and would request, "Since such a base and evil deed has been predicted by our Prophet, o Ali, then you kill me. I don't want to be the cause of this atrocity and be accursed till the end of the world." Ali 'radi-allahu anh' would answer, "One cannot be punished before murder. You will be retaliated after the action." So all these events took place exactly.

In the Holy War of Hendek (Trench), he said to Ammar bin Yasir 'radi-allahu anh', "You will be killed by baghis (rebels)." Later, he (Ammar bin Yasir) was martyred in Siffin by those people who were on the side of Muawiya 'radi-allahu anh.'

He said about Bera bin Malik 'radi-allahu anh': "Some people that have dishevelled hair and who are repelled from doors are so (valuable) that if they stated something on oath Allahu ta'ala would create it to confirm them. Bera bin Malik is one of them." In the war of Ahwaz the Muslim soldiers besieged the fortress of Tuster for six months and fought for eighty days in front of its gate. Lots of people died in both sides. This statement of Rasulullah's was known among the Ashab al-kiram 'alaihimur-ridwan'. So they gathered around Bera bin Malik 'radi-allahu anh' and begged him to swear that the fortress would be conquered. Upon this, Bera bin Malik 'radi-allahu anh' swore both the conquest of the fortress and his own martyrdom. That day he attained the rank of martyrdom. And the same night the fortress was conquered, so the Muslims attained victory with the help of Allahu ta'ala.

One day Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' slept in Umm-i-Hiram's 'radi-allahu anha' house. When he woke up he was smiling. She asked, "O Rasulullah, why are you smiling?" Rasulullah said,"I saw some of my umma getting on board ships and going out for Holy War against disbelievers." Umm-i-Hiram said, "O Rasulullah! Pray for me so that I may be one of them!" Rasulullah said, "O my Allah! Make her one of them!" It came about as Rasulullah predicted. In the time of hadrat Muawiya, Umm-i-Hiram and her husband joined others getting on ships and sailed to Cyprus for jihad. There she fell down from a horse and attained martyrdom 'radi-allahu anhuma'.

Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' stated about his blessed daughter, Fatima 'radi-allahu anha': "Of my Ahl al-bayt, you will be the first to meet me (in the next world)." Six months after his honoring the next world, Fatima, our mother, 'radi-allahu anha', honored the next world with her presence.

He predicted that Abu Zer-i-Ghifaree 'radi-allahu anh' would pass away alone at a solitary place. It happened exactly so. [He passed away lonely as he was at a place called Rabaza. Only his daughter and his wife were with him. Shortly after his death Abdullah ibn Masud and some other high persons arrived. They washed, laid out, and shrouded his corpse 'radi-allahu anhum ejmaeen'].

He said to Suraqa bin Malik 'radi-allahu anh', one of the Ashab al-kiram: "How will you be when you put on the Chosroes' bracelets?" Years later, during the caliphate of 'Umar 'radi-allahu anh', the riches that were gained by the conquest of Iran were brought to Medina-i-munawwara. Among the gains were the Chosroes' fur coat and bracelets. Dividing the gains, 'Umar 'radi-allahu anh' gave the Chosroes' bracelets to Suraqa 'radi-allahu anh'. Suraqa put the bracelets on his arm. Being too wide, they went up to his elbow. He remembered what Rasulullah had said years ago, and wept.

Lots of actual miracles came about from Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam'. Since the capacity of this book is not convenient for a detailed account of these miracles, we will mention a few of them:

1 - The event of Miraj (Ascent to Heaven), which took place both physically and spiritually, and as he (the Prophet) was awake. The disbelievers of Quraish did not believe this miracle. And some Muslims, being weak both in faith and in mind, fell into the mischief of doubt and confirmed only after asking Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' various questions and getting their answers. Those who want to know what the disbelievers' questions and their answers were may consult to the book Iz-har-ul-haq. If Miraj had happened only spiritually, there would be no reason to deny it. For the soul travels between the east and the west in an instant when asleep. If a person's dream takes place in exactly the same way, it may be admitted as true; it cannot be denied.

Miraj happened both spiritually and physically. Allahu ta'ala is capable to move anything He wishes very fast. For this reason, those wise people who believe in Miraj and those who narrate it can by no means be censured. Yes, Miraj is incompatible with the normal course of events. But all miracles are incompatible with the normal course of events. Ibn Sina [15], a notable philosopher, proves by reasonable evidences the possibility of this miracle, which is contrary to the normal course of events, and describes its occurrence in his book Shifa. Those who have doubts may consult to the book. [Principles of (Islamic) belief should be learned not from philosophy books, but from the books of the 'ulama of Ahl as-sunnat].

Furthermore, bodily ascent to heaven is not impossible according to the people of the book, either. For it is written in the twenty-fourth verse of the fifth chapter of Genesis and in the first verse of the second chapter of the second book of Kings of the Holy Bible that Ehnuh (Enoch), Elia, and Elijah 'alaihimus-salam' physically ascended to heaven. And it is written in the mineteenth verse of the sixteenth chapter of the Gospel of Mark: "Jesus the Lord, after talking to them, was taken up to heaven and sat on the right of God." It is written in the second verse of the twelfth chapter of the epistle written to Corinthians by Paul: "I do not know whether the man called Messiah is in the body or outside the body; God knows. I know him as the third man that was taken up to heaven." As is seen, Isa 'alaihis-salam' also was taken up to heaven (miraj).

2 - The miracle of Shaqq-i-qamer, the splitting of the moon, which is related in Qur'an al-karim. In this respect, the objections of the deniers, i.e. the Christian priests, are written at length in the books of Iz-har-ul-haq and As'ila-i-hikamiyya.

3 - The miracle of Remy-i-turab. In the Holy War of Badr, the number of the Ashab al-kiram 'alaihimur- ridwan' was one-fourth of that of the polytheists. At a vehement time of the combat, as the polytheists augmented their offensive, Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' put his blessed head on the ground in prostration under the trellis and invoked (Allah) for victory and said: "O my exalted Allah! If you do not lead these handful of Muslims to victory, no one will be left on the earth to promulgate Thine unity." Then he kept silent for a while. Presently signs of joy appeared in his blessed eyes, and he informed Abu Bakr-i-Siddiq 'radi-allahu anh', who was with him and who had been his companion in the cave, that he had been given the good news of victory and the aid of Allahu ta'ala. He left the trellis, honored the battle field with his presence and, taking a handful of sand from the ground, threw it towards the polytheist soldiers. Each grain of sand went to an enemy soldier's eye like a lightning of disaster and utter defeat, and they were destroyed without any apparent reason. The seventeenth ayat al-karima of the Enfal sura descended to describe this miracle. The meaning of the ayat al-karima was: "What you threw to the disbelievers was not thrown by you. They were thrown by Allahu ta'ala." This ayat al-karima was recited in all the native and foreign languages. None of the polytheists attempted to say, "No such soil came to my eye." Perhaps they thought it was magic. (May Allahu ta'ala protects us against such belief).

4 - The miracle of water gushing out from between Rasulullah's 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' fingers at various places. Several hundred Sahabis drank from that water and satisfied their thirst. On the day of Hudaybiyya the number of the Ashab al-kiram that were there and drank that blessed water was more than a thousand. In addition, they filled their water-bottles. This miracle was seen at the market of Medina, at the Holy War of Buwat, at the Holy War of Tabuk, and at many other places. In fact, at Hudaybiyya the water poured from his blessed fingers like pouring from fountains. After the thirsty ones drank, the water sufficed even their animals. These facts are narrated unanimously by very trustworthy 'ulama of Siyar through very sound documents.

5 - The miracle of Barakat-i-tam.Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' gave a woman and her husband a quarter bushel of barley. Their guests and children ate from it for a long time but could not finish it.

Once, he fed a thousand people with a piece of barley bread and a young goat, and the amount of the food did not decrease at all.

Once, a hundred and eighty people ate from a piece of bread, and the bread became even bigger.

Once, he fed a hundred and thirty people with a piece of bread and a cooked lamb. The remainder was loaded on a camel and taken away.

He fed an Abyssinian with a few dates. This miracle took place a number of times.

He fed those who were with him, all his household, and all his relations with one portion of food.

6 - The miracle of Tekseer-i-derahim, i.e. increasing the amount of money. Selman-i-Farisi 'radi-allahu anh' was the slave of a Jew. When he was honored with Islam, his Jewish owner said he would be emancipated from slavery on condition that he would plant three hundred date saplings, they would give fruits, and he would give him (the Jew) 1600 dirhams (drachm) of gold.

[The Ashab al-kiram 'alaihimur-ridwan' helped Selman 'radi-allahu anh' in digging the holes for the saplings. When the holes were dug, our Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' honored the place with his presence and] planted the three hundred saplings resolved upon with his blessed hands. All of them came to maturity in a year and began to yield fruits. [One of the saplings had been planted by 'Umar-ul-Faruq 'radi-allahu anh'. The sapling did not give any fruits. When Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' replanted it with his blessed hands, it gave fruits at once].

He gave Selman 'radi-allahu anh' a gold that was the size of an egg and which had been gained in a Holy War. Selman-i-Farisi 'radi-allahu anh' said to Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam', "This is too small to weigh sixteen hundred dirhams." He (Rasulullah) took the gold in his blessed hands and gave it back, and said, "Take this to your owner." When is owner weighed it, it was exactly the weight (decided upon); so Selman-i- Farisi 'radi-allahu and' joined the free Muslims.

7 - The miracle of Tekseer-i-Barakat. Abu Huraira 'radi-allahu anh' relates: "We were starving in a Holy War. Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' said, 'Is there anything?" I said, 'Yes, o Rasulullah! I have some dates in my bag." He said, "Bring them to me." When I took them to him he put his blessed hand into my bag, took out a handful of dates, placed them on a handkerchief which he laid on the ground, and prayed for bereket (abundance). The Ashab al-kiram 'alaihimur-ridwan' being there came and ate dates. They were fully fed. Then he said to me: 'O Abu Huraira! Take a handful of the dates on this handkerchief and put them in your foodbag.' I took a handful and put them in my bag. The dates in my bag were never finished. We both ate and offered to others from them during the life time of Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' and later, during the caliphates of Abu Bakr, 'Umar and 'Uthman 'radi-allahu anhum'. They were still not finished. When 'Uthman-i-Zinnurain was martyred during his caliphate, my foodbag was stolen."

Many other similar miracles occurred through our Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam'. Books mention miracles like these about other Prophets, too. It is written in the fourteenth chapter of the second book of Kings of the Old Testament [and in the seventeenth chapter of the first book of Kings, beginning with the tenth verse] that some of these miracles occurred through Elijah 'alaihis-salam'. A similar miracle occurred through Isa 'alaihis-salam'; it is written in all the Gospels that he fed four or five thousand people with a few pieces of bread and fish. [Matthew, chapter 14, verse 15 and further on. Mark, chapter 6, verse 35 and further on.]

8 - The miracle of Salam and Shahadat-i-ashjar. When a nomad Arab asked Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' for a miracle, he (Rasulullah) summoned a tree by the road. The tree pulled up its roots and shuffled towards Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam'; when it came in front of him it testified to his prophethood and then went back to its place.

And once a date tree also bore witness to the prophethood of our Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' and resumed its place.

[There was a date-stump in the Masjid an-Nabi in the blessed city of Medina. Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' made his hutbas (speeches) leaning on the stump. When a minber (pulpit used in a mosque) was made for him, he stopped going to the Hannana. This date stump began to moan with the loss of Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam'. That is, a voice of crying was coming from the stump. All the assembly heard it. When our Master the Prophet 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' got down from the new minber and hugged Hannana, the voice stopped. He (Rasulullah) stated, (If I did not hug it, it would cry with the loss of me till the end of the world."

9 - The idols in the Kaba-i-muazzama fell face downwards when he made a signal with his blessed finger. There were three hundred and sixty idols (statues) erected in the Kaba. When the blessed city of Mecca was conquered and Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' entered Harem-i-Sharif, he pointed to them one by one with a date branch in his blessed hand and at the same time recited the eighty-first ayat of Isra sura, which purported: "When the right came, the wrong disappeared, it was gone." The idols fell on their faces. [Most of the idols were tightly fixed to the ground by lead and tin poured into holes made in the rock.]

10 - The miracles of Ihya-i-Mewta, redd-i-ayn and keshf-i-basar. One day a nomad Arab came to Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam.' Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' invited him to Islam. The nomad said that his neighbor's daughter had died, that he loved her very much, and that he would become a Muslim if he (Rasulullah) resuscitated her. [Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' said, "Show me the girl's grave." They went together to the grave]. When they were by the grave, Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' called the girl by her name. A voice said from the grave: "Yes, sir", and the girl came out of the grave. Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' asked her, "would you like to come back to the world?" The girl answered, "No, o Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam'. I swear by the name of Allah that I feel more comfortable here than I did when I were in my parents' home. A Muslim will be better off in the next world than he is in this world. So I will not come back." Then she went back into her grave.

Jabir bin Abdullah 'radi-allahu anh' cooked a sheep. Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' and the Ashab al-kiram 'alaihimur-ridwan' ate it together. He said, "Do not break the bones." He put the bones together, put his blessed hands on them and prayed. Allahu ta'ala resuscitated the sheep. And the seep went away wagging its tail. [These and other miracles of our Prophet are written in detail in Mawahib-i-ledunniyya by Imam-i-Qastalani; in Shifa-i-Sharif by Qadi Iyad; in Hasais-un-nabi, by Imam-i-Suyuti; and in Shawahid-un-nubuwwa by Mawlana Abdurrahman Jami [16] 'rahmatullahi alaihim ajmain'].

In the Holy War of Uhud one of the eyes of Abu Qatada 'radi-allahu anh' came out and fell on his cheek. They took him to Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam'. He placed his eye in its socket with his blessed hand and said: "O my Allah! Make his eye beautiful!" This eye was now more beautiful and keener in sight than the other. [One of Abu Qatada's grandsons came to the caliph 'Umar bin Abd-ul-aziz. When he asked who he was, he recited a couplet saying that he was the grandson of the person whose eye Rasulullah had restored with his blessed hand. Upon hearing the couplet, the caliph respected him highly and gave him presents].

One day a man whose both eyes were blind came up and said: "O Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam'. Pray for me so that my eyes will open." Rasulullah 'sall- allahu alaihi wasallam' said to him: "Make a faultless ablution. Then say this prayer: O my Allah! I beg Thee. I ask of Thee through Thine beloved Prophet Muhammad 'alaihis-salam'. O my most beloved Prophet, hadrat Muhammad! I beg my Allah through you. I want Him to accept my prayer for your sake. Make this exalted Prophet my intercessor! Accept my prayer for his sake." This person made an ablution and said this prayer for the opening of his eyes. His eyes were immediately opened. [Muslims have always said this prayer and obtained their wishes].

There was an old man whose eyes had become too white to see clearly. When he (Rasulullah) breathed to his eyes with his blessed breath, his eyes immediately healed, so that he could sew for himself.

Iyas bin Seleme says: in the Holy War of Hayber Rasulullah sent me to call Ali 'radi-allahu anh'. Ali 'radi-allahu anh' had an eye sore. Holding his hand, I took him with difficulty. He (Rasulullah) spat on his blessed finger and put it on Ali's 'radi-allahu anh' eyes. Handing him the flag, he sent him to fight at the gate of Hayber. Hadrat Ali unhinged the door, which they had not been able to open for a long time, and the Ashab al-kiram entered the fortress. Ali 'radi-allahu anh' never had an eye sore again the rest of his life.

They brought him (Rasulullah) a child that was dumb and insane. Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' made an ablution, and they made the child drink the remaining water. The child immediately healed, began to talk, and became sane.

Muhammad bin Hatib says: When I was a small boy boiling water was poured on me. My body was scalded. My father took me to Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam'. He put his spittle on the scalded parts with his blessed hands and prayed. The scalds immediately healed.

The inner part of Shurahbil-il-Ju'fi's 'radi-allahu anh' hand was swollen, and this case hindered him from holding his sword or the halter of his animal. He petitioned to Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam'. Rasulullah massaged his palm with his blessed hand. He raised his hand, and there was not a sign of the swelling left.

Anas bin Malik 'radi-allahu anh' is reported to have related the following event: My mother said to Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam': "O Rasulallah! Anas is your servant. Ask a blessing on him." Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' supplicated: "O may Allah! Make his property plentiful and his children numerous. Make his lifetime long. Forgive him his sins." In the process of time there was an increase in his property. His trees and vines yielded fruits every year. He had more than a hundred children. He lived a hundred and ten years. [Towards the end of his life he said: O my Allah! You have accepted and given me three of the blessings which Your Most Beloved One asked for me! I wonder what will become of the fourth one, the forgiving of my sins? Upon this he heard a voice that said: "I have accepted the fourth one, too. Do not worry about it."]

He (Rasulullah) sent a letter of invitation to Islam to the Persian King, Husraw tore the letter to pieces and martyred the messenger. When the Messenger of Allah 'alaihis-salam' heard this he was very sorry, and prayed as follows: "O my Allah! Tear his sovereignty to pieces as he has torn my letter!" Rasulullah was still living when Husraw was stabbed to pieces by his son Shirawayh. During the caliphate of 'Umar 'radi-allahu anh', Muslims conquered all the Persian land, and Husraw's descendants and sovereignty perished completely.

[Esma binti Abu Bakr 'radi-allahu anh' stated: "Whenever we washed the blessed robe worn by Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam', we gave the water left to ailing people, and they recovered."]

If the priestly author of the book Gada-ul-mulahazat meant some wonderful events that were seen on Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' as he was just a child and which have not been transmitted through sahih (technically acceptable) narrations, we might be silent. [For, one of the stipulations for a mujiza (miracle of a Prophet) is that it must happen after the Prophet has disclosed his prophethood. Isa 'alaihis-salam' spoke in the cradle; when he asked for dates from a dry tree, dates came into his hand; as Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' was a child, his chest was incised and his heart was taken out, washed and purified; there was always a cloud over his blessed head for shade; stones and trees saluted him: these and other such extraordinary events, which happened before his prophethood was publicized, were not mujizas. They were karamats (miracles that happen on people that are loved by Allahu ta'ala and yet who are not prophets). They are called Irhas (beginnings). They are intended to confirm the prophethood. These miracles may happen on the Awliya (people loved by Allahu ta'ala), too. Prophets are never inferior to the Awliya, nor even before they are informed with their prophethood. Karamats are seen on them. The mujiza takes place a short time after the declaration of prophethood. For instance, if (the Prophet) says such and such an event will happen in a month and if the event does happen, it is a mujiza. But it is not necessary to believe his prophethood before the happening of the event. Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam', showed thousands of mujizas after the declaration of his prophethood].

Some of his miracles of this kind, such as the pouring of water from his blessed fingers, the moaning of the date-stump in the mosque, the idols' falling down on the floor upon his beckoning, his curing the blind, his curing many kinds of illnesses, took place in the presence of thousands of Sahabis, were transmitted from generation to generation, were spread and heard everywhere, and their veracity was taken for certain. These miracles of Rasulullah's 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' have reached the highest degree of tawatur. [Tawatur is a narrative that is told unanimously by those who are the most reliable people of their times and who can by no means agree on a lie, and which therefore forms a piece of absolute knowledge]. For instance, such facts as the bravery of Ali bin Abi Talib 'radi-allahu anh' and the generosity of Hatem-i-Tai have become widespread and known in the forms of tawatur; no one, therefore, could deny them. Christianity, on the other hand, has been founded on a narrative told by only one person, i.e. it is the personal account of either Matthew, or Mark, or Luke, or John. The pieces of information which they gave about themselves and the times they lived in teem with suppositions and doubts, and they mostly contradict one another. None of the four Gospels would be accepted as documentary knowledge if they were scrutinized according to the rules of the knowledge of Usul-i-hadith which the scholars of Hadith have laid as conditions to be fulfilled by every individual hadith ash-Sharif narrated for being accepted. [The conditions which Muslims observe in narrating Rasulullah's 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' hadiths are very stringent. Since there is no authenticity of narration in the existing Gospels, they cannot be compared with hadiths with respect to authenticity. Christian priests also have virtually admitted this fact by publishing a number of books proving that the Bible has been defiled by way of implantation, mutilation or miscopying]. As a matter of fact, if such miracles as curing the born blind, healing the skin disease called leprosy, and enlivening the dead, which occurred through Isa 'alaihis-salam', were not verified by Qur'an al-karim, no Christian would ever be able to prove that they actually occurred.

In an attempt to deny the miracles of Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam', priests put forward the ninetieth and ninety-first ayats of Isra sura as a proof, which purport:

"We shall not believe you unless you make a spring well up for us in this place [Mecca]. Or you should have date orchards and vineyards amidst which you make rivers flow, [said the inimical polytheists when they were thwarted by the eloquence and grandeur of Qur'an al-karim and the miracles that they saw clearly]." While this proof foils their own purpose, they still claim to prove that Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam' did not show any miracles. And this, in its turn, is never compatible with reason or justice. [In fact, in the ayats that we mention and which thy (priest) offer as documents, the polytheists ask for more and more miracles because they have felt amazed, disqualified and incapacitated upon seeing the various miracles, especially that of Qur'an al-karim. This case reveals the priests' mendacity, let alone supporting their thesis]. It is so strange that while there is no certain or even dependable information as to the real authors or dates of the epistles appended to the four Gospels, and despite the apparent oddities and contradictions in the narratives written in the Biblical copies kept by Christians, they still accept each of their verses as a principle of creed. On the other hand, not even a single letter of Qur'an al-karim has been smeared with interpolation for twelve hundred [fourteen hundred] years; the zaif hadiths, and the fabled ones have been distinguished from one another by way of scientific and authentic documentation; each of the narratives in the Islamic religion has been proved through numerous evidences; and yet they (the priests mentioned above) insist on protesting the believers (of Qur'an al-karim).

[Those who wish to get informed on the miracles of

Rasulullah 'sall-allahu alaihi wasallam'; we recommend that they read the (Turkish) book Herkese Lazim Olan Iman].

FOOTNOTES

[10] Ali Dara Kutni passed away in Baghdad in 385 [A.D. 995].
[11] Nasai Ahmad passed away in Ramleh in 303 [A.D. 915].
[12] The Andulusian Islamic State was founded in 139 [A.D. 756], and demolished in 898.
[13] [Bad'].
[14] Muhammad Qandihrari passed away in 1284 [A.D. 1868].
[15] Ibn Sina Husain passed away in Hemedan in 428 [A.D. 1037].
[16] Molla Jami passed away in Hirat in 898 [A.D. 1492].